第一讲　定语从句难点

思维导图

知识探索

知识归纳

知识归纳1　非限制性定语从句

核心内容

一、概述

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。我们之前学习的都是限制性定语从句，限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；而我们即将学习的非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉后不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常要用逗号隔开。

二、知识点讲解

请试着翻译并比较下面两句话。

The first caller who can give the correct answer will win the prize.

_______________________________________________

The first caller, who was from the London area, didn’t give the correct answer.

_______________________________________________

1. 非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句的区别

2. 非限制性定语从句常用关系词

①关系代词：who（指人主格）、whom（指人宾格）、which（指物/整句话）、whose（指人/物“的”）、as（指人/物/整句话）

②关系副词：when（指时间状语）、where（指地点状语）

例题1

1 【2022年广州外国语学校、广州大学附属中学、广州市铁一中学高一下期末三校联考】

Marin and his wife both go to work every day by bicycle,________________ contributes to keeping the body healthy.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D. when

2 【2019年广州市执信中学高一上12月月考】

I paid a visit to Guangzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau last week,________________ my father is working.

A. when

B. which

C. whom

D. where

3 【2020年广州市第六中学高一下期中考】

It was an unforgettable moment for all the Chinese people last year,_______________ in thousands of years China ended extreme poverty.

A. that

B. which

C. while

D. when

练习1

1 【2022—2023年深圳市龙华区高二上期末教学质量监测】

Go for a walk in the countryside,_________________ you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. there

2 【2022—2023年汕头市潮阳区高一上期末教学质量监测】

My eldest son,________________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.

A. which

B. whose

C. who

D. that

知识归纳2　关系代词as的用法

核心内容

一、概述

as属于定语从句的关系代词，在定语从句主干不完整的时候使用，可在定语从句中充当_______________、________、_______________。在引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句时，能用as引导的定语从句有一些限制。

二、as引导限制性定语从句

使用情况：当定语从句主干不完整，且先行词被_______________、_______________、_______________、________修饰，选择as作为引导词，此时的as仅用于引导从句，本身无含义。

1. as引导限制性定语从句在“such…as…”结构的注意点：

例题2

1 【2021年广州外国语学校、广州大学附属中学、广州市铁一中学高二下期中三校联考】

David is such a good boy ________________ all the teachers like.

A. that

B. as

C. who

D. whom

2 【2020年宿迁市宿城区高考四模】

The car in front of us came to ________________ we almost hit it.

A. such a sudden stop that

B. a stop so sudden that

C. such a sudden stop as

D. so sudden a stop as

2. as引导限制性定语从句在“the same…as…”结构的注意点：

例题3

1 【2022—2023年广州市执信中学高一上期末考】

The result is not the same ________________ they had expected, ________________ was rather disappointing.

A. what; as

B. as; that

C. that; which

D. as; which

2 【2017年泰州市泰州中学高一上10月月考】

I want to use the same tools _________________ used in your factory a few days ago.

A. as was

B. which were

C. as were

D. which

三、as引导非限制性定语从句

1. 使用情况：当定语从句主干不完整，关系词指代后文的某个名词或整件事，选择as作为引导词，此时的as意为“正如”，通常用于一些固定句式中。

2. 注意：as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的某个名词或整件事，但是使用情况有区别。

例题4

1 【2022—2023年深圳外国语学校高一上期末考】

The anticipation is more exciting than the reality,________________ is often the case with children.

A. which

B. as

C. that

D. this

2 【2022年深圳市高级中学高一上期末考】

________, mobile phones are playing an important role in modern life.

A. As long as it is known

B. What is known to all

C. Since it is known

D. As is known to all

3 【2022年广州市第二中学高一上期中考】

_______is mentioned above, those who lack working experience are likely to be turned down when applying for a post.

A. It

B. Which

C. That

D. As

综合训练

综合训练1

语法选择

1 【2022年深圳市六校联盟高二上期中考】

Alice received an invitation from her boss in London,_______________ came as a surprise when she stayed in New York.

A. which

B. who

C. whose

D. whom

2 【2021年深圳市高级中学高一上期末考】

Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers,________________ overall consumption（消费）is significantly higher than that of women.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. whose

3 【2022—2023年广州市执信中学高一上期末考】

I have never had such a chance ________________ I always imagined.

A. which

B. as

C. what

D. that

4 【2022年上海交通大学附属中学高一下期中考】

As many members ________________ were present at the emergency meeting agreed to the capital increase plan.

A. like

B. that

C. as

D. who

5 【2021年华东师范大学附属第二中学高一上期中考】

She is such a respectable English teacher ________________ is liked by everybody.

A. what

B. as

C. that

D. which

6 【2022年喀什市第六中学高一下开学考】

I have bought the same dress ________________ she is wearing.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D. what

7 【2021年深圳市高级中学高一上期末考】

________is reported, the number of female smokers in UK, has increased by 5% in the past 5 years.

A. Which

B. Who

C. What

D. As

8 【2021年广东广雅中学高一下6月月考】

________is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other countries.

A. As

B. It

C. Which

D. What

9 【2018年揭阳市第一中学高一上期末考】

________has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.

A. It

B. Which

C. As

D. What

10 【2021年深圳实验学校高一上第二阶段考试】

I hope all the measures against air pollution,________________ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.

A. as

B. which

C. that

D. while

知识归纳3　“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

核心内容

一、概述

在定语从句中，除了单一的关系代词之外，还有“介词＋关系代词”引导从句的特殊情况，这是由于从句出现了介词搭配导致的，关系词指代的是介词后的结构，为此将从句中原本的介词提前至关系词之前，能用“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的关系代词有which、whom和whose，接下来我们逐一了解它们的用法。

1. “介词+关系代词”中关系代词的选择

（1）介词＋_____：先行词是物或事

（2）介词＋________：先行词是人

（3）介词＋________：先行词是人/物（的）

2. “介词+关系代词”中介词的选择

（1）“顾后”：根据从句中的动词和形容词搭配选择介词。

例题5

【2022—2023年深圳市龙华中学高一上10月月考】

In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person,________________ she could turn for help.

A. to which

B. to whom

C. for which

D. for whom

（2）“瞻前”：根据先行词搭配选择介词。

例题6

【2022年华南师范大学附属中学高一下期末考】

China has many rivers,________________ the Changjiang River is the longest.

A. which

B. in which

C. among which

D. one of which

（3）“看句意”：根据从句和先行词的语境选择介词。

例题7

【2018年珠海市普通高中高一上1月月考】

He was educated at a local grammar school,________________ he went on to Cambridge.

A. from which

B. after that

C. after which

D. from this

3. “介词+关系代词”相当于关系副词吗？

（1）“介词＋关系代词”相当于关系副词的应用情况如下：

当先行词能与in/on/at/for等表“包含”等含义的介词搭配时，在从句中关系副词或特殊关系代词whose的效果相当于“in/on/at/for which”。

例题8

1 【2022—2023年上海市杨浦高级中学高一上期末考】

I can’t believe that restaurant,________________ I have eaten such wonderful meals, is going to close down.

A. with which

B. at which

C. at where

D. at that

2 【2022—2023年江门市第二中学高一上期中考】

None of us accepted the reason he explained, for ________________ he was absent.

A. that

B. why

C. which

D. when

3 【2022—2023年广州市执信中学高一上期末考】

The newly built cafe,_______________ the walls are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.

A. whose

B. of whose

C. which

D. of which

4 【2022年广东第二师范学院番禺附属中学高一下期末考】

Yesterday I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_________________ was very reasonable.

A. which price

B. the price of which

C. its price

D. the price of whose

（2）“介词＋关系代词”无法相当于关系副词的应用情况如下：

当介词无法表示“在……里（中）”这种包含关系，比如时间状语的“before/after which”和地点状语的“over/under/beyond/behind/beside which”等表达，此时“介词＋关系代词”的效果不等同于关系副词。

例题9

【2018年揭阳市第一中学高一上期末考】

By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers _______________ the top of Mount Qomolangma,_______appeared a rare rainbow soon.

A. reached; which

B. reached; on which

C. had reached; which

D. had reached; above which

4. 特殊“介词+关系代词”——句意中有“……（整体）中的数量”的概念

当先行词是一些数量的概念，从句的主语是先行词数量整体中的部分时，此时从句的主语形式为“名词/代词/数词＋of which/whom”。

例题10

1 【2022年深圳实验学校高一上第三阶段考试】

Maria has written two novels, both of ________________ have been made into television series.

A. them

B. whom

C. which

D. that

2 【2022—2023年广东番禺中学高一上期末考】

He has collected lots of ancient coins in the past few years,_________________ date back to Ming Dynasty.

A. most of them

B. most of that

C. most of whom

D. most of which

3 【2019年深圳市高级中学高一上期中考】

The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%________________ are sold abroad.

A. of which

B. which of

C. of them

D. of that

4 【2022年天津市芦台第一中学高二上第一次学习诊断】

People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines,________________ have been read hundreds of times previously.

A. all of whom

B. each of which

C. all of which

D. each of that

知识归纳4　特殊先行词the way

核心内容

概述

the way是定语从句中的一个特殊先行词，由于语言习惯，在引导定语从句时，根据定语从句主干是否完整，可以选择一些特殊的关系词。

当定语从句主干完整时：关系词可以用_______________ /________________/________

当定语从句主干不完整时：关系词可以用________________/________________/________

例题11

1 【2022年深圳实验学校高一上第二阶段考试】

He is mad at me. I can tell it from the way ________________ he spoke to me just now.

A. how

B. where

C. that

D. which

2 He told the truth to the manager in a way ________________ surprised everyone present at the meeting.

A. /

B. which

C. in which

D. where

综合训练2

语法选择

1 【2021年华南师范大学附属中学高一下期末考】

Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,_______________ is considered a very distinguished international honour.

A. that

B. what

C. as

D. which

2 【2021年北京师范大学南山附属学校（深圳）高二上期末考】

It was in 1999_______________ emojis were first introduced in Japan,_______________ helps people express their feelings.

A. which; that

B. when; who

C. that; which

D. what; where

3 【2018年揭阳市第一中学高一上期末考】

Edison made a lot of inventions,________________ of great importance.

A. which I think are

B. which I think they are

C. I think they are

D. that I think are

4 【2022—2023年广州市执信中学高一上期末考】

In the last monthly test there was so difficult a problem ________________ could work out, which made the test designer puzzled.

A. as none of us

B. that nobody

C. which neither

D. as anybody

5 【2022年广州市执信中学高二下期末考】

The explorer took only _________________ men and things ________________ he really needed into the jungle with him.

A. those; which

B. such; as

C. those; who

D. such; that

6 【2020年靖江市高级中学高一上第二次月考】

The city was attacked by ________________ terrible weather ________________ few citizens had ever experienced before.

A. so; as

B. so; that

C. such; that

D. such; as

7 【2022—2023年江门市第一中学高一上期末考】

America has more than fifty states,________________, Kentucky, is the place ________________ Abraham Lincoln was born.

A. one of them; where

B. one of them; that

C. one of which; that

D. one of which; where

8 【2020年中山市第一中学高一上第二次月考】

The old farmer has two daughters,________________ are kind to him,________________ makes him very happy.

A. neither of whom; which

B. neither of them; who

C. both of them; who

D. both of whom; which

9 【2020年汕头市金山中学高一上期末考】

My friend Jennifer,________________ help I’ve made great progress in my studies, will leave for the UK next week.

A. with whose

B. for whose

C. for whom

D. with whom

10 【2022—2023年天津市耀华中学高三上统练】

This is the small house less than 15 square meters, under _______________ roof lives a large family of three generations.

A. which

B. whose

C. as

D. that

语法填空

1 【2022年广州市第一中学高一上期中考】

________is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.

2 【2022年惠州市第一中学高一上期中考】

The statues fill only one part of the emperor’s huge tomb,_______________ still has not been completely unearthed.

3 【2021年佛山市南海区高一下期末区统考】

Picasso gave Zhang 600 works in total, all of ________________ were his imitations of Chinese paintings.

4 【2022年东莞市高一下期中七校联考】

I am reading a detective story, the plots of ________________ attract me most.

5 【2022年东莞市高一下期末教学质量检测】

Nowadays, more and more graduates are attracted to the rural area,_______________ they can achieve their personal goals.

知识归纳5　非限制性定语从句写作

核心内容

一、概述

限制性定语从句是用以再次谈及前面提到的人或物或状语的表达[（参见《新高考白金课堂　英语　高一（暑）》]，而本讲的非限制性定语从句也同样广泛应用于高阶语法写作中，接下来我们将学习非限制性定语从句写作。

二、定语从句写作的常见用法

例题12

1 【2022—2023年广东广雅中学高一上期末考】

强烈建议你养成良好的生活作息，这能使你提高学习效率。

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

2 【2022年广州大学附属中学高一下10月月考】

对你而言多参加一些课外活动是明智的，这帮助你合理释放压力从而感到放松。

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

3 【2021年广州市高二下期末七区联考】

我对心理学知识掌握得很好，这帮助我应对一些急需心理援助的紧急情况。

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

4 【2021年广州市育才中学高二下期末考】

我对中国文物颇感兴趣，这使我能够正确介绍中国文物的发展历程。

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

例题13

1 【2022年广州市铁一中学高二上10月月考】

众所周知，绿色食品采用的是有利于身体健康的食材（n. ingredient）。

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

2 【2021年广州市天河区高一上期末联考】

综上所述，在校使用手机需要良好的自我管控。

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

例题14

1 【2022年广东广雅中学高一上期末考】

你最好做好每天的时间规划，通过这样你可以尽快适应学习生活。

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

2 【2022年广州市第三中学、广州市第四中学、广州市培正中学、广州市南武中学高一上期中四校联考】

对于你而言广交朋友是很有必要的，通过这种方式你可以在新学校更有归属感。

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________